Published in Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture, Vol. LXVIV, Issue 2
Written by Muhammad Ichsan FADILLAH, Dariusz PIEŃKOWSKI
This study examines the relationship between economic growth, represented by Gross National Income (GNI), environmental protection, measured by the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), and societal happiness, assessed through the World Happiness Report (WHR). Analyzing data from 122 countries over two years (2020 and 2022), the findings reveal that EPI partially mediates, and does not moderate, the positive effect of GNI on societal happiness. While GNI significantly correlates with happiness, improved environmental performance enhances this relationship. The study highlights the need for distinct policies addressing economic growth and environmental sustainability to effectively promote societal well-being. The findings reveal that environmental protection serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between GNI and WHR. While GNI shows a significant positive correlation with happiness, the quality of environmental performance also plays a crucial role in enhancing this relationship, suggesting that higher EPI scores contribute positively to societal happiness.
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